Crushing or pulverizing machine



1933- E. E. ELZEMEYER ET AL CRUSHING OR PULVERIZING MACHINE Filed Dec. 20. 1950 2 Sheets-Shee 6/7656 qZ ac/. M

HT T ORA/E Y Jan- 3, 193 E. E. ELZEMEYER ET AL 1,392,697

CRUSHING OR PULVERIZING MACHINE Filed Dep. 20, 1950 2 Sheets-Shee .ZNVENTORS fa w/h f, f/zem yen firs/1y HTTGRNEY Patented Jan. 3, 1933 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE",-

EDWIN E. ELZEMEYER AND HENRY GRIESEDIECK, OF ,WEBSTER GROVES, MISSOURI, ASSIGNORS "IO AMERICAN PULVERIZER COMPANY, OF ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI, A COR- PORATION OF MISSOURI CRUSHING QR PULVERIZIN G MACHINE Application filed December 20, 1930.

This invention relates to a-certain new and useful improvement in crushing or pulverizing machines.

One object of our invention is to provide in a pulverizing or crushing machine of the hammer type an improved constructionof the hammer-mounting, in which the hammers, when displaced, quickly return to effective grinding position, and, concurrently, suohdisplacement may be effected with relatively small unbalance of the rotative parts of the machine.

Another object of our invention is to pro vide an improved form of detachable assembly for the hammers in pulverizing or crushing machines. 7

Still another object of our invention 1s to provide in a crushing or pulverizing machine an annular series of hammers so pivotally swingable as not only to efficiently function in effecting crushing or 'pulverizing operations, but also to freely yield, without breakage of parts, on engaging an uncrushable body or mass.

A further object of our invention is to provide an improved construction of bail including a hammer support integrally formed with the bail for transmitting theimpactive effect of the hammer directly to the bail from its carried hammer support. 7

And with the above and otherobjects in view, our invention resides in the novel features of form, construction, arrangement, and combination of parts hereinafter described and pointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings (two sheets) Figure 1 is a side elevational view, partly broken away and in section, of a pulverizing or crushing machine embodying our invention, the machine being shown as in operation;

Figure 2 is a frontelevational view, also partly broken away and in section, of the machine, the machine being shown as at rest;

Figure 3 is an enlarged perspective detail view of a hammer assembly of our invention, a retaining or lock-washer of our invention being shown in open or pin-receptive position;

Serial N 0. 503,749.

Figure 4- is a longitudinal sectional View of the hammer assembly of Figure 3; and

Figure 5 is an end elevation of the hammerassembly of Figure 4, the lock-washer being shown in closed or pin-locking position.

Referring now more in detail and by ref-, erence characters to the drawings, which illustrate a preferred embodiment of our invention, the machine proper preferably includes a casing A having abase-section 1 adapted to rest, as at 2, 2, upon a floor, foundation, or other place of support, and a complementary or upper casing-section 3 adapted to detachably rest upon the base 1.

Disposed between and supported by the side walls of the upper casing-section 3, is a series of segmental arcuate cover-liners 4 which may generally be of any type suitable for the purpose, and disposed between the side walls of the base section 1 and adj ustably supported in the casing A for co-operation with the hammer mechanism presently described, is a grinding-concave or surface 5, which may be of any suitable type and construction, but which preferably is of the form and type that forms the subject-matter of, and which is fully described in, our application for Letters Patent for pulverizing machine, filed Nov. 10, 1930, Serial No. 494,659.

Reference for the details of such preferred form of grinding concave 5 is made to said application, and, for brevity, we hence omit here a detail description thereof.

The main shaft 6 of the machine is disposed transversely of the casing between the casing walls 1, 3,iand is journaled for rotation in boxes 7 supported on brackets 8 projecting outwardly of and preferably integral with or otherwise rigidly fixed to the base 1.

designates the rotor of the machine, which is mounted on the shaft 6 and includes a plurality of spaced circular or disc-like body-members or bail-carriers 9 having central hubs 10, which are of relatively greater thickness than the discs 9 which they carry, and, being keyed to the shaft 6 in an abutting or continuous row thereon, serve thus to space the discs 9 in parallel relation crosswise the grinding chamber of the casing A. The outer bail carriers 9 upon each end of the shaft 6 are each composed of a disc 11 provided with an outwardly extending rim-flange 12 and a central hub 13, which, extending inwardly from the disc 11, serves to properly space the same from its companion disc 9. On their respective outer ends, the hubs 13 abut nuts 1 1 threaded each to an opposite end of the shaft 6 for endwise adjustably engaging, and thus clamping or securing against displacement on the shaft (3, the series of bail-carriers 9, 11.

Extending from end to end of the rotor B, is an annular series of bailor pivot-rods 15, which, respectively mounted through each of the discs 9 adjacent their peripheral margins, extend to and through the end discs 11 and are there secured against longitudinal displacement by any suitable means, as cotters 16. While there may be any desired number of the rods 15, in the present instance there are four such rods equally spaced about, and each equally distant from, the shaft 6; and we might add that we prefer to provide additional rod-receptive apertures 15 in the members 9, 11, thus providing for other arrangements of the rods than that shown.

Each rod 15 serves as a pivot for a group of hammer assemblies C, best seen in Figures 4 and 5, each includin a pair of bail-links 17 arranged in adjoining pairs on respective rods 15, but the pairs of links 17 on each rod alternate in position or are staggered transverse the casing A with the pairs on the adjacent rods, and the opposing links of each pair are respectively mounted adjacent the opposing faces of alternate discs 9 or 9, 11, as the case may be, and as will be clearly understood from Figure 2.

Each link 17 preferably comprises an elongated body-portion having at its fulcrumed end a laterally projecting hub 17a pivotally mounted on the rod 15, the hubs 17a of each pair of opposing links being opposingly arranged and adapted for engaging their respective projecting ends with the corresponding opposite faces of the particular disc 9 intermediate each pair of alternate discs 9.

At its outer or swingable end, each link 17 is also formed with a cylindrical hub projection or 176 projecting laterally in like direction and axial parallelism with the hub 17 a, the hubs 17 b of each pair of opposing links being adapted for end-wise abutting engagement for parallel alignment and spacing of the links 17 when mounted on the shaft 15, said pair of hubs 17 Z), when conjoined, forming a tubular hammer-support, as presently appearing.

Thus pivotally mounted at one end on a rod 15, each link 17 of a pair also pivotally detachably connected with its mate, by a fastening element or bail-pin 18, best seen in Figures 8 and 4:, which at one end is suitably headed, as at 180;, for fitting a frustro-conical recess 186 provided in the hub 17b of one link 17 of a pair, and at its other end is fitted projectingly through a suitable frustro-conical washer 19 engaging a corresponding recess 18?), the projecting end of the pin 18 being preferably provided with an annular groove 20 suitably spaced from the head 18a to receive a suitable member adapted for engaging the washer 19, or the link 17 directly, if desired, for retaining the hubs 17 b of said links 17 in substantially abutting relation with each other, both links 17 being thus disposed substantially in parallel relation on the pin 18. Preferably such retaining member comprises a so-called lock-washer 21 of our invention, best seen in Figures 3 and 5, which is formed of a preferably flat U-shaped bodymember providing spaced parallel legs 22 each having its end inwardly beveled, as at 23, the throat formed between the legs 22 being in width slightly less than the diameter of the bottom of the groove 20 to provide a wedging action between the inner wall of the groove 20 and the opposing faces of the legs 22 when the washer 21 is endwise inserted, being then in its open position, into the groove 20, and, hence, in link-retaining position onto the pin 18, as most clearly seen in Figure 3, the legs 22 projecting substantially beyond the pin 18 for closure of the open end of the washer thereover, as by suitably bending or clinching the legs 22 together in opposing curvilinear directions lockingly or grippingly on the pin 18 until the beveled ends 23 substantially meet or approach each other as near as may be, and as shown in Figure 5.

We might add that, in unlocking or removing the washer 21 from the pin 18, a suitable tool may be inserted between the beveled ends 23, which are adapted thus tobe pried apart sufficiently to permit the washer to be reversely driven or loosened from the pin 18.

Rotarily mounted in the bails formed by thercspective pairs of bail links 17 and their respective conjoined hubs 17b, and each having a transverse bore 24 considerably greater in diameter than the diameter of the said hubs 171), are hammers 25, each of which is preferably of cylindrical or tubular form and in length substantially equal to the axial distance between alternate ones of the discs 9, less, of course, the thickness of the pair of links 17, thus sufficient clearance to permit the free oscillation of the links 17 on their supporting pivot-rod 15 and also to permit not only the axial rotation of the hammer 25 about its own axis, but also to permit the gyrat-ion of said hammer 25 about the hubs 17?) as a hammer-support or axis.

Preferably the curvilinear working faces of the hammers 25 are substantially in the form of a right cylinder, and We prefer to recess the walls of the bore 24 thereof, as shown at 26, for relieving the middle portion of the conjoined hubs 17b of the weight of the ring 25, which latter hence bear withanissue? nular seats 27 on the hubs 17?) adjacent the body portions of respective links 17.

In practice, we have found that the hubs 17b acting as protecting shrouds or collars for its enclosed pin 18, absorb and transmit directly to the links 17 the heavy impactive or peening action of the hammer 25 on its supporting ball-structure, the pin 18 hence acting merely to draw the links 17 together for preventing distortion thereof.

The hammer assemblies C, each comprising a pair of links 17, a pin 18, washer 21, and hammer 25, are thus pivotally mounted in successive rows in the rotor B for revolution therewith in overlapping circumferential paths, whereby the whole grinding concave is covered by the successively adjacent pairs of longitudinal rows or groups of the hammers 25. When the machine is at rest, the hammer assemblies C are pendent from the respective conjoined hubs 176, as shown in Figure 2, but during normal operation of the machine the rotor B is revolved atva relatively high speed, which causes the hammer assemblies C to fly outwardly in radial direction.

Material fed into the casing A through a suitable feed opening or hopper 28, Figure 1, is thus subjected to a combined impacting and grinding action between the rapidly revolving hammers 25 and the concaves 4, 5, as will be understood. It will be observed, however, that the hammers 25 are yieldable centrally the rotor B, so that, when sudden obstructions, such as unusually large pieces of material or metal parts accidentally fed to the machine are encountered, they are passed without injury to the hammers or to the machine generally, and it will be obvious that the displacement of the hammers must be sufficient to clear any uncrushable object as. may reasonably be expected to enter the machine. Hammers of the ring-type have heretofore been non-swingably supported directly on the carrier, so far as we are aware, and hence, of necessity, made of relatively large diameter and bore, and, as in actual practice, on striking an obstruction, a ringhammer is subjected to oblique forces tendmg not only to rotate the hammer about its axis but also to throw the ring as a whole in gyratory motion about their supporting hubs 17?), such large grinding rings tend to more or less oscillate violently, preventing the restoration of the ring to grinding position, and

throwing the machine seriously out of balance. It will be understood that the forces, tangent to the path of revolution of the rotor, tending to restore the hammer to 1ts rad al position are proportional to the angula-rlty of displacement of the hammer, and in our invention the hammers 25, swinging on the links 17, have a much: wider range of movement, that is, the center of gravity of the re- A spective rings 25 is displaced a greater angu &

lar distance rearwardly of radial position than is the case of a ring hammer without the links, the tangent forces acting on the hammer 25 being thus comparatively increased; and hence it follows that the hammer assemblies C of our invention will the more quickly return to normal radial position.

Obviously, the links 17 are made as light in weight as may be consistent with the strength necessary, while the hammers 25 are made as heavy as possible, and it will be seen that, due to the swingable support afforded the respective hammers 25, their respective bores 24 do not'have to be large enough to provide for all the required yielding movement of the hammer, so that each hammer 25 may hence have thick rims or grinding treads, which, besides providing for long life tothe hammer, also compose most of the weight of the assembly C, whereby the center of gravity of the displaced assembly 0 is, comparatively, further away from its center of revolution, with the effect that all the restoring forces acting on the hammer as sembly C are again correspondingly greater than those acting on ring-hammers without the links, while, also, the center of gravity of the revolving weight is less disturbed or unbalanced with respect to the center of revolution thereof, and, further, the smaller bore 24-, thus possible, correspondingly limits the gyratory swing of the hammer 25.

However, for further preventing or limiting the disturbance of the center of gravity of the machine when a hammer is displaced,

we prefer to form the members 9 in the form of laterally presented discs, as shown, and to dispose each hammer 25 transversely across at least one intermediate disc 9 for peripheral engagement thereof by said hammer 25 and thus to positively limit the swing of said hammer on displacement thereof.

Bearing in mind that the principal advantages of ring-hammer pulverizers reside in the combined striking and rolling action of the ring-hammers, which are hence particularly adapted for crushing and grinding wet or sticky material, and, further, wear uniformly in use by reason of their rolling action, it will be seen that our invention secures these advantages while substantially avoiding the disadvantages set forth as inherent in such machines as heretofore constructed.

It will be understood that changes and modifications in the form, construction, arrangement, and combination of the several parts of our machine may be made and substituted for those herein shown and described without departing from the nature and principle of our invention.

Having thus described our invention, what we claim and desire to secure by Letters Patcut is l. A hammer assembly for machines of the class described comprising, in: combina tion, a bail including a pair of spaced links, a hammer support projecting from each link for abutting cooperation with the other, means for connecting said links, and a hammer loosely mounted on said hammer-support.

2. A hammer assembly for machines of the class described comprising, in combination, a bail including spaced links, each link having a hammer support abutting the support of the other, a hammer loosely mounted on said hammer supports, a fastening element engaging said links having an annular groove at an end, and means including a U-shaped member adapted to fit in said groove for de tachably retaining the assembly together.

3. A hammer assembly for machines of the class described comprising, in combination, a bail including spaced links, each link having a hammer support abutting the support of the other, a hammer loosely mounted, on said hammer, supports, a fastening element engaging said links having an annular groove at an end, and means including a U- shaped member having spaced legs adapted to wedgingly engage the walls of said groove for detachably retaining the assembly together.

4. A hammer assembly for machines of the class described comprising, in combination, a bail including spaced links, each link having a hammer support abutting the sup port of the other, a hammer loosely mounted on said hammer support, a fastening element engaging said links having an annular groove at an end, and means including a U-shaped member having spaced legs adapted to be inserted in said groove for gripping engagement with the walls thereof for detachably retaining the assembly together.

5. A hammer assembly for machines of the class described comprising, in combination, a bail including spaced links, each having a hammer support engaging the hammer support of the other, a hammer loosely mounted on said hammer supports, a tasteningelement engaging said links having an annular groove at an end, and means including a U- shaped member having spaced legs normally parallel for insertion in said groove, said legs being adapted for opposingly gripping the walls of said groove ior detachably retaining the assembly together.

6. A hammer assembly for machines of the class described comprising, in combination, a bail including spaced links, each having a hammer support engaging the hammer support of the other, a hammer loosely mounted on said hammer supports, a fastening element engaging said links having an annular groove at an end, and means including a U-shaped member having spaced legs normally parallel for insertion in said groove. each of said legs having an inwardly beveled end. and said ends being bendable in opposing directions for grippingly engaging said legs with the walls of said groove for detachably retaining the assembly together.

7. A hammer assembly for machines of the class described comprising, in combination, a bail including spaced links, opposed hubs projecting from said links, a pin connecting said links through said hubs, a head on the pin for engaging one of said links, and means for detachably retaining the other of said links in engagement with the pin.

8. A hammer assembly for machines of the class described comprising, in combination, a bail including spaced links, opposed hubs projecting "from said links, a pin connecting said links through said hubs, said pin having at one of its ends means for engaging one of said links and at its other end having an annular groove, and means including a member detachably engaging the Walls of said groove for retaining the other of said links in engagement with the pin.

9. A hammer assembly for machines of the class described comprising, in combination, a bail including a pair of spaced links, hubmembers secured to and projecting laterally inwardly from the respective links, the hubmembers being opposingly aligned and cooperably forming a hammer-support intermediate the links, and a hammer axially mounted for rotary movement on the hammer-support.

10. A hammer assembly for machines of the class described comprising, in combination, a bail including a pair of spaced links, hub-members rigidly integral with and projecting laterally inwardly from the respective links, the hub-members being oppo-singly aligned and co-operably forming a hammersupport intermediate the links, means for connecting said links, and a hammer axially mounted for rotary movement on the hammer-support.

11. A hammer assembly for machines of the class described comprising, in combination, a bail including a pair of spaced links, hub-members projecting in opposed relation inwardly from, and at approximately a right angle to, said links for providing a hammersupport intermediate the links, means including a pin longitudinally engaging the hub-members for connecting the links, and a hammer axially mounted for rotary-movement on the hammer-support.

12. A hammer assembly for machines of the class described comprising, in combination, a bail including a pair of spaced links, hub-members projecting in opposed relation inwardly from, and at approximately a right angle to, said links for providing a hammersupport intermediate the links, means including a pin longitudinally engaging the hub-members for connecting the links, and a hammer having a bore larger in diameter than the diametrical dimension of said support for axial rotary movement on and for gyration about said hammer-support.

13. A hammer assembly for machines of the class described comprising, in combination, a bail including a pair of spaced links, hub-members projecting in opposed relation inwardly from, and at approximately a right angle, to said links for providing a hammersupport intermediate the links, means including a pin longitudinally engaging the hub-members for connecting said links, and a hammer having a bore larger in diameter than the diametrical dimension of said support for axial rotary movement on and for gyrati on about said hammer-support, the wall of said bore being intermediately recessed for providing annular seats for engaging the support adjacent the links.

14. A hammer assembly for machines of the class described comprising, in combination with a supporting shaft, a pair of spaced links, a pair of opposed hub-members secured to the links and having engagement with the shaft for swingable movement of the links, a second pair of hub-members fixed on and rigidly projecting inwardly from the respective links, the second hub-members being opposingly aligned and co-operably providing a hammer-support intermediate the links, and a hammer axially mounted for rotary movement on the hammer-support.

15. A hammer assembly for machines of the class described comprising, in combinati on with a supporting shaft, a pair of spaced links, a pair of opposed hub-members integrally projecting from the links and having engagement with the shaft for swingable movement of the links, a second pair of opposed hub-members integrally projecting from the links and co-operably providing a hammer-support intermediate the links, a hammer axially mounted for rotary movement on the hammer-supports, and means for securing the links together.

16. A hammer assembly for machines of the class described comprising, in combination with a supporting shaft, a pair of spaced links, a pair of opposed hub-members on the links having engagement with the shaft for swingable movement of the links, a second pair of opposed hub-members on the links providing a hammer-support intermediate the links, a hammer axially mounted for rotary movement on the hammer-support, and means including a pin disposed longitudinally through the second pair of hub-members for securing the links together.

17. In a machine of the class described, a casing, a shaft mounted for rotation in the casing, a plurality of bail-carriers each including a central hub and a disc-shaped bodyportion, the hubs of the carriers being keyed on the shaft in a continuous row therealong and spacing said body-portions in parallel relation crosswise of the casing, a rod extending transversely of and through the carrier body-portions, bails each comprisinga pair of links, a first members on the links swingably supported on said rod, and second pair of opposed hub-members on the links providing a hammer-support intermediate the links, each respective pair of links being disposed between a respective pair of the carrier body-portions, and hammers loosely disposed axially on the respective hammer-supports.

18. In a machine of the class described, a casing, a shaft mounted for rotation in the casing, a plurality of bail-carriers each including a central hub and a disc-shaped body-portion, the hubs of the carriers being keyed on the shaft in a continuous row therealong and spacing said body-portions in parallel relation crosswise of the casing, a plurality of annularly spaced rods extending transversely of and through the carrier bodyportions, bails each comprising a pair of links, a first pair of hub-members on the links swingably supported on a respective rod, and a second pair of opposed hub-members on the links providing a hammer-support intermediate the links, each respective pair of links being disposed between a respective pair of the carrier body-members and the several pairs of links on a rod being in staggered relation with the several pairs of links on an adjacent rod, and hammers loosely disposed axially on the respective hammer-supports.

19. In a machine of the class described, a casing, a shaft mounted for rotation in the casing, a plurality of bail-carriers each including a central hub and a disc-shaped bodyportion, the hubs of the carriers being keyed on the shaft in a continuous row therealong and spacing said body-portions in par'..lle1 relation crosswise of the casing, a plurality of annularly spaced rods extending trans versely of and through the carrier body-portions, bails each comprising a pair of links, a first pair of hub-members on the links swingably supported on a respective rod, and a second pair of opposed hub-members on the links providing a hammer-support intermediate the links, each respective pair of links being disposed between a respective pair of the carrier body-members and the several pairs of links on a rod being in staggered relation with the several pairs of links on an adjacent rod, and hammers loosely disposed axially on the respective hammer-supports, the hammers in one row being peripherally engageable with the carrier-body-portions in an adjacent row, whereby the swing of such hammers on displacement thereof is limited.

20. A hammer assembly for machines of the class described comprising, in combination, a bail including a pair of spaced links, hub-members integrally projecting laterally pair of opposed hubinwardly from the respective links, thehubmembers being opposingly aligned and cooperably forming a hammer-support intermediate the links, and a hammer axially mounted for rotatory movement on the hammer-support.

21.. A hammer assembly for machines of the class described comprising, in combination, a bail including a pair of spaced links, hub-members integrally projecting laterally inwardly from the respective links, the hubmembers being opposingly aligned in abutting relation and co-operab-ly forming a hammer-support intermediate the links, and a hammer axially mounted for rotatory movement on the hammer-support.

In testimony whereof, we have signed our names to this specification.

EDXVIN E. ELZEMEYER. HENRY GRIES'EDIECK. 

